Bridge retrofitting is essential because they undergo structural weaknesses over time due to factors such as increased traffic, exposure to harsh environmental conditions, and changes in safety standards. These weaknesses …
Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers
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The tunnels are subjected to water penetration from the ground and the lack of ventilation leads to a hot and humid environment that is a fertile ground for corrosion of …
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Reinforced concrete structures often have to face modification and improvement of their performance during their service life. The factors affecting are changes in their use, new design standards, deterioration due …
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A concrete structure is designed for a specific period and depending on the nature of the structure, its design life varies. Deterioration in concrete structures is a major challenge faced …
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Strengthening may be required for concrete buildings and structures for the increased load capacity of structural members and for supporting additional loads not included in the original design. It is …
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Round steel pipeline is mainly aimed for economical transmission of liquid and gas across the country. Corrosion and mechanical damage cause defects such as grooves, thinning, holes, pitting etc. affecting …



