Concrete

Concrete used near the coast or in marine zones faces constant contact with salt and moisture. These factors directly affect durability and structural life. Low-permeability concrete is commonly specified to …

Blistering of concrete surfaces is a commonly encountered surface defect that appears as small, raised, hollow bumps or bubbles on freshly placed or recently hardened concrete. These blisters form when …

Concrete remained the backbone of global infrastructure, while rising durability demands, environmental concerns, and accelerated project timelines reshaped how it was designed, specified, and used. In 2025, innovation in concrete …

Flat slabs are widely used in buildings of the 21st century as they provide open spaces, fast constructions, and easy layout planning. The system is characterized by the slab being …

What is Accelerated Concrete? Accelerated concrete is a type of concrete in which the natural process of setting, hardening, and strength development is deliberately increased to achieve results within a …

Concrete is one of the most durable construction materials, but it is not immune to deterioration. Distress in concrete structures can develop due to several factors, including environmental exposure, poor …

Delayed Ettringite Formation (DEF) is a degradation process in concrete where ettringite, a sulfate-based compound, forms after the concrete has hardened instead of during the early hydration stage. This delayed …

Concrete creep is the gradual, long-term deformation of hardened concrete under sustained load, causing an increase in strain without a change in applied stress. It occurs as a slow, continuous …

Thermal cracking in concrete occurs due to temperature differentials within a structure, leading to tensile stresses that exceed the material’s tensile strength. This issue is particularly common in mass concrete, …

Hardened concrete is the solid state of concrete that results from the curing process, during which the mixture of cement, water, and aggregates chemically reacts and sets. This transformation leads …