The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) reused over 63 million tonnes of waste materials in the construction of highways during the fiscal year 2023–24, representing a notable transition towards more sustainable infrastructure development. In this period, NHAI constructed 6,634 km of highways, reflecting a 20 percent increase compared to the previous fiscal year.
Despite the heightened activity, greenhouse gas emissions decreased from 1.0 to 0.8 metric tonnes of CO₂ per km, signifying the adoption of cleaner and more environmentally responsible construction practices. Materials such as fly ash, pond ash, plastic waste, and reclaimed asphalt were employed as substitutes for virgin raw materials, thereby reducing pollution and conserving resources.
Furthermore, NHAI requires the incorporation of fly ash in road projects situated near power plants. In alignment with its green initiatives, NHAI planted 5.6 million trees in 2023–24 and plans to plant an additional 6.75 million in 2024–25. Water consumption in arid regions was reduced by 74 percent through the implementation of efficient usage practices.
Plastic waste is being recycled for road construction in states such as Delhi, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and along certain stretches of NH-48. Approximately 7 tonnes of plastic are reused for every kilometre of four-lane highways, effectively diverting plastic waste from landfills and the environment. Union Minister Nitin Gadkari stated, “Sustainability is now an essential component of road construction.
NHAI utilizes recycled materials, constructs solar plants, conserves rainwater, and protects biodiversity.” With reduced emissions, more durable roads, and enhanced environmental outcomes, India is making steady progress towards green and smart highway infrastructure.
