BIG (Bjarke Ingels Group) has revealed its design for Bhutan’s Gelephu International Airport, a project set to be showcased at the 2025 Venice Architecture Biennale. As Bhutan’s second international airport, it forms an important part of the Gelephu Mindfulness City (GMC) masterplan, aiming to accommodate the country’s aviation growth while aligning with Bhutanese cultural and environmental values. The airport’s location near the Bhutan-India border and the Paitha River makes it strategically important, enhancing regional connectivity and supporting economic development.
The airport spans 68,000 m² and is designed to handle 1.3 million passengers annually by 2040, with projections increasing to 5.5 million by 2065. The infrastructure is planned to support 123 flights per day, ensuring efficient air travel for both domestic and international passengers. The modular design allows for phased expansion, adapting to future needs without disrupting existing operations.
Architectural and Structural Features
- The airport features a modular diagrid structure using locally sourced glulam timber.
- The structure is inspired by Bhutanese architecture, particularly the “Kachen,” a revered wooden pillar that symbolizes strength and spirituality.
- Independent timber frames allow for gradual expansion and disassembly when required.
- Woodcarvings featuring traditional Bhutanese motifs, including dragons, will embellish the framework, connecting the design to local craftsmanship.
BIG collaborated with aviation engineering firm NACO, along with Arup and Cistri, to create an airport that seamlessly blends operational efficiency with cultural authenticity. The roofline is designed to resemble a stylized mountain range, reflecting Bhutan’s surrounding landscape. Large openings maximize natural light, while passive climate-responsive elements regulate indoor temperatures.
Passenger Experience and Interior Features
- The terminal layout prioritizes intuitive navigation and spacious circulation areas.
- A central courtyard, known as the Forest Spine, incorporates indigenous flora and a treetop walkway, creating a connection with Bhutan’s natural environment.
- Waiting areas include indoor and outdoor lounges, offering spaces for relaxation and mindfulness activities.
- Dedicated areas for meditation, yoga, and gong baths cater to passenger well-being.
The airport’s interior will maintain continuity with its exterior design, with carved wooden elements extending throughout the terminal. Skylights and large windows will ensure ample daylight, reducing reliance on artificial lighting. The facility is designed to be welcoming and reflective of Bhutan’s values, incorporating elements that instill a sense of calm in travelers.
Sustainability and Environmental Considerations
- Photovoltaic panels on the roof contribute to energy efficiency.
- Extended eaves provide shade and weather protection while supporting passive cooling.
- Ventilated roofs and strategically placed courtyards encourage natural airflow, reducing the need for mechanical ventilation.
- The use of timber ensures a reduced carbon footprint, aligning with Bhutan’s commitment to environmental responsibility.
Bhutan is known for its carbon-negative status, and the airport follows principles that support this goal. The combination of natural materials and energy-efficient design elements helps minimize environmental impact while maintaining operational efficiency.
Connectivity and Transportation Infrastructure
- The airport will serve as Bhutan’s first in-land mobility hub, integrating trackless trams and buses for efficient regional transportation.
- Public transport connections will link the airport to Gelephu’s revitalized town center and other key areas.
- The arrival plaza is divided into four zones, featuring native plants and stone paving to create a seamless transition from the natural landscape to the built environment.
Venice Biennale 2025 Exhibition
The airport’s architectural significance will be highlighted at the 2025 Venice Architecture Biennale. The exhibition will feature a timber diamond piece from the airport’s façade, sculpted live by a Bhutanese artist and a machine. This installation will demonstrate the fusion of traditional craftsmanship with contemporary construction technology, emphasizing Bhutan’s commitment to preserving heritage while embracing modern advancements.
Long-Term Vision and Future Expansion
- The airport is designed for long-term scalability, with modular structures enabling seamless growth.
- The terminal will be adaptable to increasing passenger volumes without major structural changes.
- The airport’s role in the GMC masterplan extends beyond aviation, contributing to economic and infrastructural development in the region.
Gelephu International Airport is set to open in 2029, serving as a gateway to Bhutan while preserving its cultural heritage and incorporating modern infrastructure. The project aligns with Bhutan’s vision for mindful urbanization, sustainability and connectivity to create a space that respects tradition and meets future needs.
Images- archdaily.com, deezen.com
